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BACKGROUND:Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) represents a highly heterogenous disorder with extensive clinical and genetic patterns among populations of different geographic location and ethnic origin. However, data about Chinese p...
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BACKGROUND:Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) represents a highly heterogenous disorder with extensive clinical and genetic patterns among populations of different geographic location and ethnic origin. However, data about Chinese patients are limited. We aimed to summarize the clinical and genetic spectrum of Chinese PCD patients based on all available literatures.METHODS:We searched Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science and Chinese databases including CNKI, SinoMed and Wanfang from 1981 to 2021, to identify articles reporting patients with PCD in China, which had included information about transmission electron microscopy and/or genetic testing.RESULTS:A total of 244 Chinese PCD patients in 52 articles were included. Of these patients, the mean age was 13.1?years, and 55 patients (22.5%) were diagnosed with PCD after 18?years old. Compared with patients diagnosed with PCD in childhood or infancy, patients diagnosed with PCD in adulthood had a higher prevalence of chronic wet cough, sinusitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolation and radiological bronchiectasis as well as worse lung function. 25 PCD-related genes were identified in 142 patients, and DNAH5, DNAH11, CCDC39 and CCDC40 were the most frequently detected mutations. More than half of genetic variants were loss-of-function mutations, and the majority of these variants were seen only once. Correlations between PCD phenotype, genotype and ciliary ultrastructure were also evidenced.CONCLUSIONS:Diagnostic delay and under-recognition of PCD remain a big issue in China, which contributes to progressive lung disease and PA infection indicating worse outcome. Specialist equipment and expertise are urgently required to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of PCD.TRIAL REGISTRY:PROSPERO; No.: CRD42021257804; URL: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
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Background: Although international bronchiectasis guidelines recommended screening of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) both at initial evaluation and prior to administration of macrolide treatment, data regarding NTM in bronchiec...
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Background: Although international bronchiectasis guidelines recommended screening of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) both at initial evaluation and prior to administration of macrolide treatment, data regarding NTM in bronchiectasis remainelusive.Objective: Toestablishtheprevalence, species, and clinical features of NTM in adults with bronchiectasis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published before April 2020 reporting the prevalence of NTM in adults with bronchiectasis. We only included studies with bronchiectasis confirmed by computed tomography and NTM identified by mycobacteria culture or molecular methods. Random-effects meta-analysis was employed. Results: Of the 2,229 citations identified, 21 studies, including 12,454 bronchiectasis patients were included in the final meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of NTM isolation and pulmonary NTM disease were 7.7% (5.0%-11.7%) (n/N = 2,677/12,454) and 4.1 % (1.4%-11.4%) (n/N = 30/559), respectively, with significant heterogeneity (I~2 = 97.7%, p < 0.001 and I~2 = 79.9%, p = 0.007; respectively). The prevalence of NTM isolation varied significantly among different geographical regions with the highest isolation at 50.0% (47.3%-52.7%) reported in the United States. Myco-bacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus complex accounted for 66 and 16.6% of all species, respectively. Some clinical and radiological differences were noted between patients with and without the presence of NTM isolation although the results are inconsistent. Conclusions: Heterogeneity in prevalence estimates of NTM isolation indicated that both local surveys to inform development of clinical services tailored to patients with bronchiectasis and population-based studies are needed. The clinical features associated with NTM in bronchiectasis and their incremental utility in studying the association is unknown and merits further investigation.
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Background: Jinqi Jiangtang tablets (JQJT) have been approved for the treatment of type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China for many years. Exploring the effective substances and mechanisms of JQJT is important for its clinical app...
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Background: Jinqi Jiangtang tablets (JQJT) have been approved for the treatment of type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China for many years. Exploring the effective substances and mechanisms of JQJT is important for its clinical application and further drug research anddevelopment. This study aimed to explore the chemical basis and mechanisms of JQJT in thetreatment of T2DM. Methods: With network pharmacology, we screened substances inJQJT and their possible targets, then constructed the action network and enriched the biological functions and pathways associated with the active components, and identified the potential targets and mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM. Based on the networkpharmacology data, we explored the hypoglycemic mechanisms of coptisine in JQJTthrough western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Forty-three compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties were identified in JQJT, together with 146 potential biological targets. Among these potential targets, 74 were associated with treatment of T2DM. A compound-target network of the 43 compounds against T2DM was constructed. Biological process and signal pathway enrichment analysis of the network highlighted the FoxO signaling pathway. Western blot and quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that coptisine, but not epiberberine, significantly inhibited expression of key genes involved in hepatocyte gluconeogenesis byregulating the FoxO1 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Network pharmacology analysis andcell experiments showed that coptisine regulated glucose homeostasis by inhibiting the FoxO1 signaling pathway and hepatic gluconeogenesis, which may be one of the mechanisms of JQJT in the treatment of T2DM.
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One of the leading causes of death in the world is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated acute myocardial infarction. There are a lot of Chinese traditional patent medicines, such as Xin'an capsules, Xin Xuening tablets, and so on, ...
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One of the leading causes of death in the world is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-mediated acute myocardial infarction. There are a lot of Chinese traditional patent medicines, such as Xin'an capsules, Xin Xuening tablets, and so on, which have protective effects against myocardial I/R injury and have been routinely used in treating cardiac diseases for a long time in China. Hyperoside (Hyp) is the chief component of these medicines. This study investigated the action of Hyp in isolated myocardial I/R injury, as well as its possible mechanisms. Using the Langendorff model, isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia and 50 min of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured, and infarct size was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at the end of the reperfusion. Coronary effluent was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Myocardium was also measured for total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) was analyzed by Western blotting. We report for the first time that administration of Hyp before/after I/R significantly improved heart contraction and limited the infarct size and CK and LDH leakage from the damaged myocardium after I/R. The activity of SOD and the MDA content remarkably changed in the presence of Hyp as well. Phosphorylation of ERK was significantly increased in Hyp-treated hearts compared to controls (p<0.01). Hyp-induced ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by PD98059. We therefore conclude that Hyp can protect cardiomyocytes from I/R-induced oxidative stress through the activation of ERK-dependent signaling.
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Excitons play the central role in organic optoelectronic devices. Efficient
exciton-to-photon and photon-to-electron conversion promote quantum yield in
optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes and organic so...
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Excitons play the central role in organic optoelectronic devices. Efficient
exciton-to-photon and photon-to-electron conversion promote quantum yield in
optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar
cells. Exciton-related reaction products and defects in working devices have previously
been viewed as fatal to stability. Here, the utilization of these excitonic
reactions to create luminescent defects with extremely high (6.7%) external
quantum efficiency in an operating device containing 1,1-bis((di-4-tolylamino)phenyl)
cyclohexane (TAPC) is reported. Transient photoluminescence reveals
a long delayed fluorescence lifetime (2.7 μs) from these emissive defects,
indicating that they exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence. It is shown
that the functional group of tri-p-tolylamine (TPTA) follows similar processes as
TAPC, suggesting that the chemical nature of the observed luminescent defects
is directly related to TPTA.
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Due to limitations of sensitive biomarkers, the clinical prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. Alternative splicing (AS) is the basis of both transcriptome and proteome richness, so...
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Due to limitations of sensitive biomarkers, the clinical prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains poor. Alternative splicing (AS) is the basis of both transcriptome and proteome richness, so more and more evidence indicates an important relationship between AS and tumor progression. The aim of this study was to offer a comprehensive analysis on AS events and then investigate its potentials as a new biomarker for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In this study, univariate assays were conducted to examine the prognosis-associated AS events, and we screened 4068 survival-related AS events in 2573 genes. Then, the AS events related to survival were further determined and analyzed using LASSO regression and multivariate assays, and an eleven-AS signature was developed. Kaplan-Meier assays indicated patients with high-risk scores exhibited a shorter OS than those with low-risk scores. Multivariate assays further demonstrated that the signature’s risk score was independent of HNSCC survivals. Meanwhile, we analyzed the clinical association of AS-based prognostic signature in HNSCC patients and observed that tumor specimens with advanced stages and grades exhibited a high risk score. In addition, the results of survival nomogram revealed that predicted outcomes and actual outcomes were highly consistent. Overall, our group showed an eleven-AS signature of HNSCC, which could be regarded as a separate prognostic factor.
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